Climate change and sustainable development are the biggest challenges faced by all in the coming decades. In particular, adapting to and overcoming damage from the adverse impacts of climate change are top priorities for achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to provide stakeholders with policy directions for enhancing actions on adaptation and loss and damage under the new climate change regime represented by the Paris Agreement adopted at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in 2015. Official documents including Paris Agreement, Sustainable Development Goals, and Sendai Framework as well as relevant research reports were reviewed to derive major issues on adaptation and loss and damage. Policy directions for each issue were suggested by comparing the international agreements with the current domestic and international progress in adaptation and loss and damage.
Policies and programs should be prepared to achieve the global goal on adaptation of enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience, and reducing vulnerability to climate change, which was presented in Article 7 of the Paris Agreement. For adaptation, the policy framework needs to be transformed to raise the effectiveness of adaptation policies on the ground, and adaptation should ultimately be integrated into the ongoing or planned policies and programs in the long term. For loss and damage, research on loss and damage and comprehensive risk management framework should be established against climate related disasters.
Principles or frameworks, such as climate justi