Ⅰ. Introduction
oInfluencing 95% of the population affected by disasters occurring worldwide, water-related disasters such as floods, droughts, and heavy rainfall were prominent. In comparison to the average (2001-2020), the number of drought disasters in 2021 remained similar to that of previous years, while water disasters like floods and heavy rainfall increased by 1.2 to 1.4 times.
ㅇAs of 2016, according to the United Nations, the global population practicing open defecation stood at approximately one billion people, while an estimated 2.4 billion people lacked access to adequate sanitation (sewage disposal).
ㅇAs of 2020, approximately 26% of the global population had limited access to safe drinking water, and during the same year, around 46% of the world’s population was reported to lack access to basic sanitation facilities.
ㅇIn the case of Korea, issues such as heavy rainfall, internal and transboundary flooding, extreme droughts, and water scarcity are intensifying. Meanwhile, international attention is increasingly focusing on water management policies, including data analysis and assessment systems between continents and governments, which encompass aspects such as water usage, water quality, and the fluctuations in extreme precipitation and runoff due to atmospheric rivers, making it a major global concern.
ㅇ Many countries, including Korea, have committed to international treaties related to greenhouse gas reduction (NDCs) and biodiversity (NBSAPs), which carry legal obligations and responsibilities. However, there is currently no intergovernmental scientific-po