Ⅰ. Introduction
1. Background
o After the division of the Korean Peninsula into the South Korea and the North Korea, there is little information released on the North Korea’s internal situation due to its closed policy emphasizing anti-toadyism and independency, and almost no information on the environmental issues.
ㅇ According to international organizations such as the United Nation Environment Program (UNEP), news media, and some academic papers, environmental pollution is a serious problem in the North Korea.

o In the North Korea, due to a very low standard of living, the generation of household waste is not great except in some areas such as Pyongyang City. It is expected that the environmental impact of industrial waste may be greater than that of household waste.
ㅇ It is expected that the types and characteristics of waste from industrial areas in the North Korea are varied depending on the type of industry. Most waste from industries may have hazardous characteristics.
ㅇ For example, the North Korea produces hazardous substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) whose manufacturing and usage are banned all over the world. In addition, since treatment facilities for these substances are not established, they can be the cause of serious pollution in the surrounding environment.
o While maintaining the hereditary regimes of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, the North Korea continues to suffer from shortages of supplies resulting from severe isolation due to UN sanctions against the country.
ㅇ In order to solve the chronic shortage of supplies in North