The UN Sustainable Development Goals include “Ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern” as one of its seventeen goals. The OECD has adopted the Kobe 3R Action Plan on resource productivity, sustainable resource use and management, and circular economy and recommended the introduction of sustainable materials management throughout product life-cycles. As such, the transition to a circular economy based on material cycle and sustainable production and consumption pattern has been a worldwide trend. Korea, with its high dependency on imported resources and limited lands for new landfill sites, is in urgent need to enhance resource efficiency and reduce the amount of landfill wastes through constructing a circular economy. In 2016, 84.8% of the total wastes generated in Korea were recycled while 6.2% were incinerated and 8.8% went to landfill sites. Although this demonstrates the overall shift in waste treatment from landfill to recycling, the recycle rate of domestic wastes was still low at 60% compared to 88.5% for industrial wastes, which suggests a need for improvement. As the amount of household wastes and industrial wastes keep increasing, effective policy measures are needed to reduce waste generation throughout product life-cycle and promote resource circulation. Against this background, the Korean government has enacted the 「Framework Act on Resource Circulation」 in 2016 and enforced it since January 2018. In accordance with the law, the Basic Plan on Resource Circulation (2018-2027) was established to set the mid-to-long term policy goals and strategies.